Funding for this research was provided by:
University of Nebraska Medical Center
Article History
Received: 2 March 2018
Accepted: 14 September 2018
First Online: 25 September 2018
Compliance with ethical standards
:
: Authors BH, PRA, BG, and DL declare no conflict of interest. DO is a shareholder in Virtual Incision Corporation, and received Research Grant not related to the submitted work from Medtronic and Gore.
: All study procedures for this single-center retrospective study were reviewed and approved by the UNMC Institutional Review Board.
: This study including human participants has been performed in accordance with the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments.
: A waiver for patient written informed consent was obtained for this study.