Poudel, S.
Miyazaki, K.
Hirano, S.
Article History
Received: 23 December 2019
Accepted: 2 March 2020
First Online: 11 March 2020
Compliance with ethical standards
:
: All authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
: This retrospective study was approved by the institutional review board of Hokkaido University (Med 18-037). The notice for this retrospective study was published on the website of the institute and the patients were given the right to opt out.
: Animals were not used in this study.
: Prior to surgery, the risk of both continuation or cessation of antithrombotic medications was explained to all the patients.