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Authors
Moazzez, A. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1170-8111
Dubina, E. D.
Park, H.
Shover, A. L.
Kim, D. Y.
de Virgilio, C. M.
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Article History
Received: 27 August 2020
Accepted: 2 November 2020
First Online: 20 November 2020
Compliance with ethical standards
:
: Authors have no disclosures. The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program and the hospitals participating in the ACS NSQIP are the source of the data used herein; they have not verified and are not responsible for the statistical validity of the data analysis or the conclusions derived by the authors.
: This study was approved by the Lundquist Institute (formerly known as the Los Angeles Biomedical Institute) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center as a non-human subject study.
: This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.
: No inform consent was required.
