Kushner, B. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7360-7642
Smith, E.
Han, B.
Otegbeye, E.
Holden, S.
Blatnik, J.
Article History
Received: 31 August 2020
Accepted: 9 December 2020
First Online: 5 January 2021
Compliance with ethical standards
:
: Dr. Blatnik has an honorary speaking and teaching appointment with Bard International (BD) and Intuitive Surgical. The other authors have no conflicts to report.
: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
: The Institutional Review Board at the Washington University in St. Louis approved this study. Due to the low patient risk of the study and its retrospective nature, an exception for formal written informed consent was provided by the IRB and a waiver for HIPPAA Authorization was granted per Section 164.512(i) of the Privacy Rule. All patients underwent verbal and written informed consent prior to surgery. IRB ID # 202002069.