Lee, C.
Ebrahimian, S.
Mabeza, R. M.
Tran, Z.
Hadaya, J.
Benharash, P.
Moazzez, A.
Article History
Received: 1 June 2022
Accepted: 3 March 2023
First Online: 19 April 2023
Declarations
:
: The authors listed above do not have any conflict of interest to disclose.
: The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program and the hospitals participating in the ACS NSQIP are the sources of the data used herein; they have not been verified and are not responsible for the statistical validity of the data analysis or the conclusions derived by the author.
: This was a retrospective study utilizing a national database with de-identified information across NSQIP participating centers, thus informed consent was not required.
: Due to the de-identified nature of the NSQIP registry, this study was deemed exempt from full review by the Institutional Review Board at the University of California, Los Angeles.