Dhaene, Sam https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4502-0819
Ghazinoer, Anna https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0737-4197
Allaeys, Mathias https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8712-8749
Berrevoet, Frederik https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3575-5345
Article History
Received: 17 August 2025
Accepted: 11 October 2025
First Online: 12 December 2025
Declarations
:
: This retrospective cohort study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Ghent University Hospital (internal reference number THE‑2023‑0215; study ID 12007). All procedures involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
: The requirement for individual patient consent was waived by the Ethics Committee due to the retrospective, de‑identified nature of the data.
: Patients or members of the public were not involved in the design, conduct, reporting, interpretation, or dissemination of this study.
: No prospectively registered protocol was prepared for this retrospective validation and model-updating study.
: All authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.