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Authors
Arias-Espinosa, Luis https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5983-6687
Milky, Gediwon
Bossie, Hannah
Barrocas, Gabriele
Atchison, Heather
Shih, I-Fan
Malcher, Flavio
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Article History
Received: 27 May 2025
Accepted: 23 October 2025
First Online: 29 November 2025
Declarations
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: Dr. Flavio Malcher report consulting with Intuitive Surgical, Medtronic, BD, WL Gore, Allergan, Origami and Deepblue. Gediwon Milky, Hannah Bossie, Heather Atchison and I-Fan Shih report full-time employment and stock ownership with Intuitive Surgical. The remaining authors have no conflicts of interest or financial ties to disclose.
