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Article History

Received: 18 November 2025

Accepted: 11 January 2026

First Online: 11 February 2026

Declarations

:

: Ethical approval was obtained from the “Comité d’éthique, de déontologie et d’intégrité scientifique (CEDIS)” of Nantes University, which issued a favorable opinion (no. 18122024, IRB00013074).

: The protocol was prospectively registered on the Open Science Framework (OSF) on April 14, 2025 (registration DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/38WCN).

: The experimental study was conducted as part of a research collaboration between the “Motricité, Interactions, Performance” laboratory (University of Nantes, France) and Suturion AB (Sweden). Suturion AB financially supported the study through a service contract (€14,785.5 excluding taxes) covering the experimental setup, data collection, and analysis performed on the PEPSE platform. However, the company had no involvement in the experimental procedures, data interpretation, or manuscript preparation. Diane Bernard de Lajartre, Vincent Dochez and Aurélie Sarcher declare that they have no conflict of interest. Thibault Thubert has received a speaker honorarium from Pierre Fabre, Effik and General Electrics. Thibault Thubert declare that he have no conflict of interest with this study and this article.