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Article History

Received: 10 December 2025

Accepted: 4 February 2026

First Online: 27 February 2026

Declarations

:

: The research was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in Institutional Review Board. The use of data and materials was carried out with proper authorization and in compliance with all applicable laws and regulations.

: As this study involved the use of existing data and did not involve direct interaction with human subjects, no patients were enrolled, and therefore, no informed consent was required. The data used in this research were anonymized and deidentified, ensuring the privacy and confidentiality of individuals in accordance with the Institutional Review Board.

: In adherence to ethical standards, this chart reviews study, though devoid of direct human or animal involvement, maintained patient data confidentiality and ethical standards as required by the institutional review board.

: I declare that there are no conflicts of interest related to this manuscript. The study was conducted impartially, and the findings presented in the manuscript are based solely on the analysis and interpretation of the data.Conflict of interest M.J.R receives salary support for his position in the leadership of the Abdominal Core Health Quality Collaborative (ACHQC), which is the data source for the present submission. A.S.P. has received funding paid to her institution from Intuitive Surgical Inc., personal fees from Medtronic, Intuitive Surgical, CMR Surgical, and Verb Surgical. L.R.B has received honorarium from Intuitive.