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Authors
Theis, Claudia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1303-298X
Nunes, Victor Andrade https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9496-8746
Blackman, Marisa
Pompeu, Bernardo Fontel https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2960-3810
de Figueiredo, Sergio Mazzola Poli https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2986-8164
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Article History
Received: 14 January 2026
Accepted: 22 February 2026
First Online: 31 March 2026
Declarations
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: The requirement of ethical approval was waived by Division of General Surgery, UNC for the studies involving humans because deidentified data from national database. The studies were conducted in accordance with the local legislation and institutional requirements. The ethics committee/institutional review board also waived the requirement of written informed consent for participation from the participants or the participants’ legal guardians/next of kin because observation retrospective study with deidentified data from national database.
: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. Dr. Sergio Mazzola reports receiving honoraria from Intuitive and Distal Motion for unrelated work. All other authors declare no conflicts of interest related to this study.
