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Article History

Received: 28 October 2025

Accepted: 27 February 2026

First Online: 31 March 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Review Board of Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Approval No.: SH9H-2025-T443-1). All procedures performed in this study involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

: Patients signed informed consent regarding publishing their data and photographs.

: The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.