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Article History

Received: 6 January 2026

Accepted: 15 March 2026

First Online: 15 April 2026

Declarations

:

: This systematic review and network meta-analysis was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251208654).

: This work has not been presented previously at any scientific meeting.

: Neither author has received honoraria, consultancy fees, speaker fees, travel support, or research funding from manufacturers of surgical devices, meshes, fixation systems, or related medical products.

: The authors report no patents, patent applications, or intellectual property interests relevant to the content of this manuscript.

: The authors’ institutions had no role in study design, data collection, analysis, interpretation, or manuscript preparation.

: The authors certify that all potential conflicts of interest have been disclosed in accordance with journal and ICMJE requirements.

: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.