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Authors
Sato, Masanori https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1532-6743
Yamamoto, Hiroyuki
Poudel, Saseem
Nagae, Itsuro
Matsubara, Taketo
Tazaki, Tatsuya
Takagi, Tsuyoshi
Shirabe, Ken
Ueno, Hideki
Hachisuka, Takehiro
Miyazaki, Kyosuke
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Article History
Received: 7 January 2026
Accepted: 26 March 2026
First Online: 17 April 2026
Declarations
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: This retrospective study using NCD data was conducted according to the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki. This study was approved by the Hamamatsu University School of Medicine Independent Ethics Committee (reference number: 25–212). The committee and the JHS waived the requirement for patient consent. Patient notification was provided on their websites and opt-out consent was obtained.
: Not applicable.
: Hiroyuki Yamamoto is affiliated with the Department ofHealthcare Quality Assessment of the University of Tokyo, which is asocial collaboration department supported by grants from the National ClinicalDatabase, Intuitive Surgical Sarl, Johnson and Johnson K.K., and Nipro Co. Kyosuke Miyazaki received honoraria from BD, unrelated to the presentmanuscript. The other authors declare that they have no competing interests.
