Barranquero, Alberto G https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8510-8210
Castillo Acosta, Jose Carlos https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4811-2303
Maestre González, Yolanda https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1323-6288
Gas Ruiz, Cristina
Villalobos Mori, Rafael https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0226-2445
Article History
Received: 9 March 2026
Accepted: 22 April 2026
First Online: 12 May 2026
Declarations
:
: All procedures involving human participants were in accordance with ethical standards of the institution and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration. Data were processed according to Law 15/1999 on the Protection of Personal Data.
: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study for surgical outcomes database registration. Ethical approval was not required for this study as it involved a retrospective review of patient records with no direct patient contact.
: The Large Language Model Gemini 3.1 Pro (Google DeepMind, February 2026) was used for language editing of the manuscript. The authors reviewed and edited the AI-generated content and take full responsibility for the final integrity of the work.
: AGB has received travel support from Cardiolink S.L. RVM has received honoraria for consultancy, invited lectures, and participation in review activities from ABEX Excelencia Robótica S.L., Cardiolink S.L., BD, and Medtronic. All other authors declare that they have no competing interests.