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Authors
Konishi, Yuji https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7510-7211
Kobayashi, Tadayuki
Shoji, Hirotaka
Kasai, Hironori
Kawamura, Hideki
Taketomi, Akinobu
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Article History
Received: 9 January 2026
Accepted: 19 April 2026
First Online: 7 May 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by an institutional review board.Given the retrospective nature of the study, the requirement for study-specific written informed consent was waived.
: Written consent for the use of clinical information for research purposes was routinely obtained from all surgical patients at the time of treatment.In addition, an opt-out consent process was implemented by publicly disclosing the study information, allowing patients the opportunity to refuse participation.
: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
