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Article History

Received: 16 April 2024

Accepted: 29 August 2024

First Online: 13 September 2024

Declarations

:

: The authors have no Conflict of interest to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.

: This study did not involve direct interaction with human subjects. The images containing potential human faces were sourced from publicly available datasets, specifically PASCAL VOC, BDD100K, and COCO. These datasets are widely used in academic research and are made available under terms that do not require additional individual consent to participate for their use in such studies. Therefore, no direct consent to participate was obtained or required for this study.

: The images containing potential human faces used in this study are sourced from publicly available datasets, namely PASCAL VOC, BDD100K and COCO. These datasets explicitly permit the use of their images for academic research and publication purposes under their terms of use and licensing agreements. Therefore, no additional consent to publish was required from the individuals depicted in these images.