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Authors
Korkiakoski, Mikko https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7851-2012
Chakal, Khalil
Fernando, Roshan
Kostakos, Panos https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8545-599X
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
European Commission grant for An Enhanced Pre-Frontier Intelligence Picture to Safeguard the European Borders (101021851)
European Commission grant for An Enhanced Pre-Frontier Intelligence Picture to Safeguard the European Borders (101021851)
European Commission grant for An Enhanced Pre-Frontier Intelligence Picture to Safeguard the European Borders (101021851)
European Commission grant for An Enhanced Pre-Frontier Intelligence Picture to Safeguard the European Borders (101021851)
European Commission grant for A Cognitive Detection System for Cybersecure Operational Technologies (101021911)
European Commission grant for A Cognitive Detection System for Cybersecure Operational Technologies (101021911)
European Commission grant for A Cognitive Detection System for Cybersecure Operational Technologies (101021911)
European Commission grant for A Cognitive Detection System for Cybersecure Operational Technologies (101021911)
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Article History
Received: 18 December 2023
Accepted: 12 November 2025
First Online: 8 December 2025
Declarations
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: We followed the ethical requirements established by the Finnish Advisory Board on research integrity (TENK) (TENK ). The gathered material has been handled, and informed consent from the participants was obtained in accordance with Finnish and European laws. We also consulted and followed the guidelines of our local ethics board (Ethics Committee ). Informed consent was collected from all participants before the experiment.
: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
