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Authors
Cho, Kyunghyun
Han, Gisung
Shin, Jaeyeon
Cha, Seung Hyun
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Research Foundation of Korea (RS-2024-00454458)
National Research Foundation of Korea (RS-2024-00454458)
National Research Foundation of Korea (RS-2024-00454458)
National Research Foundation of Korea (RS-2024-00454458)
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Article History
Received: 18 June 2025
Accepted: 18 December 2025
First Online: 28 January 2026
Declarations
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: The authors report there are no financial or personal relationships which can cause a conflict of interest regarding this article.
: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of KAIST (IRB approval number: KH2023-078). All participants received prior explanations of the study objectives and procedures, and voluntarily consented to participate in the focus group interviews. As the experiment involved a non-invasive task using virtual reality equipment, it was considered to pose minimal risk to participants.
