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Authors
Chen, Yung-Ting
Tsai, Meng-Shiuan
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Article History
Received: 1 September 2025
Accepted: 13 January 2026
First Online: 6 February 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study complies with Taiwan’s research ethics review requirements. It involves only the use of questionnaires and behavioral observations, and is exempt from formal ethical review according to national regulations. Informed consent was obtained from all participants before data collection.
: All participants provided informed consent.
: Not applicable, as no personally identifiable information is included.
