Li, Dejian
Guo, Hongjun
Fu, Junwen
Zhang, Yingbin https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7937-3210
Yu, Qiangshan
Funding for this research was provided by:
the National-Key-R&D-Program-of China (2024YFE0111900)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (52378370)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (52278372)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (52208369)
the Joint Fund Project for Railway Basic Research by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and China State Railway Group Co., Ltd. (U2468214)
Sichuan Province Science and Technology Support Program (2025ZNSFSC0409)
Article History
Received: 8 March 2025
Accepted: 21 September 2025
First Online: 2 January 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.