Zhang, Shu
Wang, Xiaoxi
Tan, Qinwen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4859-4018
Zou, Hao
Sun, Sixuan
Zhao, Jinqi
Wang, Kai
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (U2340230)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (42377181)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (42377182)
Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province of China (2023AFB933)
Hubei Province Key R&D Plan Project (2023BCB117)
Article History
Received: 1 April 2024
Accepted: 15 October 2025
First Online: 4 November 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
: The data supporting the findings of this study, including field survey records, laboratory test results, and numerical simulation outputs, are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.