Funding for this research was provided by:
Natural Science Foundation of China (52278432)
Highway Industry Standard Compilation Project of Ministry of Hainan Province (2021-Z043)
Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project of Hunan Province (LXBZZ2024202)
Article History
Received: 23 May 2025
Accepted: 28 October 2025
First Online: 17 November 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.