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Article History

Received: 17 August 2019

Revised: 15 September 2019

Accepted: 21 September 2019

First Online: 30 October 2019

Compliance with ethical standards

: The study was conducted in compliance with the ethical rules for human subject research as outlined in the 1975 Declaration of Helsinki. The CONQUER scleroderma registry is IRB approved at each of the individual institutions. All subjects gave written informed consent for collection of specimens and data.

: VKS receives research funding from Abbvie Pharmaceuticals.TMF has no conflict of interest to disclose.VDS has received research funding from CSL Behring, and consultancy fees from Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, CSL Behring, Cytori and Genetech/Roche. She is on the Data Safety and Monitoring Board for Corbus and Galapagos.LKH receives research funding from Boehringer-Ingelheim, Eicos, Glaxo Smith Klein, Cumberland Pharmaceuticals and Corbus Pharmaceuticals and is on the medical advisory board for Boehringer-Ingelheim and CSL Behring.AAS serves on a data safety monitoring board for Sanofi.EJB receives grant support from Pfizer.DK has received research funding from Bayer, BMS, Horizon and Pfizer, as well as consultancy fees from Acceleron, Actelion, Bayer, BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, Celgene, Corbus, CSL Behring, Cytori, Genetech/Roche and Sanofi. DK owns stock in Eicos Sciences, Inc., and is employed by the University of Michigan and CiviBioPharma, Inc.JKG has research funding from Eicos, Cumberland Pharmaceuticals and Corbus Pharmaceuticals.FVC has received consultancy fees from Boehringer-Ingelheim and Genentech.LC receives research funding from United Therapeutics, serves on the Data Safety Monitoring Board for Reata, and has received consultancy fees from Bristol-Myers Squibb, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Eicos and Mitsubishi Tanabe.FNH has no conflict of interest to disclose.ES has no conflict of interest to disclose.JMV has no conflict of interest to disclose.LBE is Chairman of the Board of the Scleroderma Research Foundation (a volunteer, uncompensated position) and is co-founder and co-owner of MPM Capital, which has invested in various biopharmaceutical companies; LBE represents MPM Capital on the Board of Directors for each of Blade Therapeutics, Tizona Therapeutics, Oncorus, Frontier Medicines, Werewolf Therapeutics, TwentyEight-Seven Therapeutics and Amphivena Therapeutics. LBE owns stock directly in Eicos Sciences, and affiliate of CiVi Biopharma.SA received grant support from Bayer, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Biogen and Momenta, consultancy fees from Boehringer-Ingelheim, and speaking fees from Integrity Continuing Education and Medscape.