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Authors
Zhang, Qian https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5268-1271
Li, Lin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3375-1578
Zhou, Jing https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8319-6250
Wang, Shuang https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0335-7914
Chang, Luyan https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1492-7994
Wang, Gong https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0193-5476
Du, Ruiqin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9431-788X
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Article History
Received: 27 December 2024
Revised: 25 April 2025
Accepted: 22 May 2025
First Online: 8 June 2025
Declarations
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: This research involving human participants was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Review Board of the National Center for Health Statistics (; Protocol #2005–06 for the 2007–2010 cycles and Protocol #2011–17 for the 2011–2018 cycles).
: The patients/participants provided their written informed consent to participate in this study.
: None.
: Not applicable.
