Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China grants (82374104)
“the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities”, South-Central Minzu University (XTZ24028)
Hubei Provincial International Cooperation Projects (2025EHA030)
Article History
Received: 7 April 2025
Revised: 4 September 2025
Accepted: 27 October 2025
First Online: 10 November 2025
Declarations
:
: Not applicable.
: As the NHANES database is publicly available and the data are anonymized, additional Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval was not required for this analysis. The NHANES study protocol was approved by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) Ethics Review Board, and written informed consent was obtained from all participants. IRB/ERB protocol numbers for each cycle are available at: .
: None.