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Article History

Received: 6 August 2025

Revised: 11 November 2025

Accepted: 16 November 2025

First Online: 27 November 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was approved by the Ethics and Scientific Committee of the Hospices Civils de Lyon on June 1, 2023 (approval n°22–5109). An information notice was provided to all participants in accordance with applicable regulations; written informed consent was therefore not required. All procedures involving human participants complied with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

: Not applicable.

: A related abstract was accepted as an e-poster presentation at the 91st National French Internal Medicine Society (SNFMI) Congress held in Tours from December 10 to 12, 2025.

: We declare no editing support. Artificial intelligence (ChatGPT, OpenAI) was used to improve the clarity and fluency of the English language in the manuscript. The authors reviewed and take full responsibility for the final content.

: AR, SP, LP, SM, AH and JCL declare that they have no competing interests. LS has received personal fees or benefits from Abbvie, Novartis, Roche, and Chugai. HB reports receiving fees for serving on advisory boards from Roche-Chugai and Novartis and lecture fees from Roche-Chugai, Novartis, Fresenius Kabi, GlaxoSmithKline, Amicus therapeutics, and Sanofi. OE received fees for serving on advisory boards for Roche-Chugai and Novartis regarding biotherapy. PS has received institutional support from GSK and Novartis, and personal fees or benefits from Abbvie, GSK, Novartis, CHUGAI, UCB Pharma, Lilly, Fresenius Kabi, and Boehringer Ingelheim.