Yuan, Jing
Liu, Wan-Zhu
Wu, Dian-Chen
Jia, Feng-Yun
Yang, Jia-Ying
Cao, Xi
Zhou, Zhou https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2889-8580
Tan, Jun
Article History
Received: 8 August 2025
Revised: 21 October 2025
Accepted: 22 November 2025
First Online: 9 December 2025
Compliance with ethical standards
:
: The use of patient data in this study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. Informed consent was waived due to the retrospective and de-identified nature of the MIMIC database.
: Not applicable.
: None.