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Authors
Liu, Huaiyang
Jin, Yu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4300-4357
Zhang, Dapeng
Mei, Jie https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3371-9431
Liu, Yao
Sun, Yong
Liu, Jianing
He, Qiang https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1640-1776
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Innovative Research Group Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52201299)
Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (Grant Nos. ZR2023QH275)
The Youth Foundation of Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (Grant Nos. ZR2022QE192)
The Youth Foundation of Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (Grant Nos. ZR2022QE287)
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Article History
Received: 17 September 2025
Revised: 5 November 2025
Accepted: 28 November 2025
First Online: 2 January 2026
Declarations
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: All participants provided written informed consent. The UK Biobank was conducted with ethical approval from the North West Multi-centre Research Ethics Committee ( ).
: All authors have read and approved the final manuscript and consent to its publication.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
