Document is current

Article History

Received: 10 May 2025

Revised: 29 October 2025

Accepted: 21 December 2025

First Online: 4 February 2026

Compliance with ethical standards

:

: This study is based on an analysis of aggregated data from the publicly available Global Burden of Disease (GBD 2021) database and does not directly involve experimental operations with human or animal subjects. All data have been anonymized and do not contain personal identifiers, thus requiring no additional ethical review or informed consent from participants. Data usage complies with GBD research ethical guidelines and the requirements of the Declaration of Helsinki.

: All authors have reviewed and agreed to the final version of this study, confirming that the manuscript’s content is truthful, complete, and not concurrently submitted to other journals. The authors guarantee the objectivity of the research results and agree to transfer the copyright of the paper to the target journal.

: None.