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Authors
Steimer, Annik https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5896-2230
Schulze, Friederike https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1702-3255
Määttä, Juhani https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2400-9195
Nevalainen, Mika
Karppinen, Jaro https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2158-6042
Dudli, Stefan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7351-713X
Ciurea, Adrian https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7870-7132
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
MLR Foundation
University of Oulu Grant (24000692)
Oulu University Hospital Grant (24301140)
European Regional Development Fund (539/2010 A31592)
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Article History
Received: 30 September 2025
Revised: 15 December 2025
Accepted: 5 February 2026
First Online: 11 February 2026
Compliance with ethical standards
:
: The study was approved by the regional ethical committee of the Northern Ostrobothnia Hospital District, Finland (Cohort 1966: Northern Ostrobothnia Hospital District Ethical Committee 94/2011 (12.12.2011)), as well as the ethics commission of the canton of Zurich, Switzerland. All participants provided informed consent for data and biomaterial usage.
: FS: Advisory board on rheumatologists training for Eli Lilly. AS: Is supported by the MLR foundation. JM: None MN: None. JK: Reimbursements by Physioline and Orion Pharma Ltd. SD: Royalties from Aclarion®. AC: None.
