Document is current

Article History

Received: 13 June 2025

Revised: 18 January 2026

Accepted: 8 February 2026

First Online: 13 March 2026

Compliance with ethical standards

:

: None.

: This study is approved by the Medical Research Ethics Committee of Children’s Hospital of Hebei Province affiliated with Hebei Medical University (Approval #158) in compliance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and the Code of Ethics of the World Medical Association. All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. The Ethics Committee of Children’s Hospital of Hebei Province waived the need for informed consent due to retrospective study.

: All authors agreed to the publication.

: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.