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Article History

Received: 15 August 2025

Revised: 24 March 2026

Accepted: 1 April 2026

First Online: 8 April 2026

Compliance with ethical standards

:

: The NCHS Ethics Review Board authorized the total components about this research that involved material or information pertaining to human subjects were completed in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration. Written informed consent was given by the patients/participants to participate into this investigation from NHANES database. The portions of this study involving human participants, human materials, or human data were conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and were approved by the NCHS Ethics Review Board.

: The patients/participants provided their written informed consent to participate in this study.

: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

: Our study does not require a clinical trial registration. The survey data of our study are publicly available on the internet for data users and researchers throughout the world ( ).