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Authors
Li, Jihuan
Zheng, Hao
Liu, Huimin
Wang, Xiangxuan
Liu, Yu
Yang, Shengren
Lian, Yongyun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3609-7639
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (HYDSYTB202229)
the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (HYDSYTB202203)
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Article History
Received: 23 October 2025
Revised: 31 March 2026
Accepted: 14 April 2026
First Online: 4 May 2026
Declarations
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: The present study was approved by the Peking University Biomedical Ethics Review Committee (IRB00001052-11015).Participants provided written informed consent for this study. All procedures performed were in accordance with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki ethical standards and its later amendments.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. The authors had full control of all primary data derived from the CHARLS database and agree to allow the journal to review the data if requested.
