Document is current

Article History

Received: 6 January 2026

Revised: 27 April 2026

Accepted: 21 May 2026

First Online: 28 May 2026

Declarations

:

: The study was conducted following the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and Good Clinical Practice guidelines and was approved by the appropriate institutional review boards (Local Ethic Committee of Medical Center Medical Clinic Blagomed LLC), protocol #107/5, dated 13 Aug 2022). Authors fulfilled the ICMJE authorship criteria.

: Digital informed consent was obtained from all patients before the study started.

: We utilized a large language model–based assistant (ChatGPT, OpenAI) solely for language polishing and drafting non-substantive text (e.g., wording of figure legends, responses to reviewers). No AI tool was credited as an author. All AI-suggested text was critically reviewed, revised, and approved by the authors, who take full responsibility for the final manuscript. No patient-level identifiable data were provided to AI tools. Statistical analyses and figures were generated using Python 3.10 (scikit-learn, pandas, matplotlib); AI tools were not used to perform statistical estimation.

: NA.

: DF, FL, AK, and CP are employees and have an equity interest in Midaia GmbH and have no other disclosures to make. Midaia GmbH developed a mobile application used in this study, but did not finance it. DY, DK, LP, OI, TK, SV declare that they have no conflict of interest.