Funding for this research was provided by:
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (26540070, 26118511, 16H05773, and 17K18712)
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (H16J09486)
Article History
Received: 9 January 2018
Revised: 12 December 2018
Accepted: 19 December 2018
First Online: 2 January 2019
Compliance with ethical standards
:
: Authors KK, TH, and MK declare that they have no conflict of interest.
: Our experiment did not kill study fish. Fish were fed sufficient food once per day and kept in good aquarium conditions. Diseased or injured individuals were removed from the experimental aquarium, treated with medication, and used only after recovery. Our experiments were conducted in compliance with the Guidelines for Animal Welfare of the Japan Ethological Society, and the Animal Care and Use Committee of Osaka City University. No permits from Japanese government were needed for experiments involving <i>N. pulcher</i>.