Brotcorne, Fany http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2780-3631
Holzner, Anna
Jorge-Sales, Lucía
Gunst, Noëlle
Hambuckers, Alain
Wandia, I. Nengah
Leca, Jean-Baptiste
Funding for this research was provided by:
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (2015-06034)
Alberta Gambling Research Institute, University of Alberta (G00003422)
University of Lethbridge Research Fund (G00002931)
Office of the Dean of Arts and Science at the University of Lethbridge
Leopold III Fund for the Exploration and Conservation of Nature (FL/JVG/vrn/1567)
Belgian Federation of Graduated Women
Article History
Received: 17 June 2019
Revised: 20 November 2019
Accepted: 2 December 2019
First Online: 9 December 2019
Compliance with ethical standards
:
: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
: This research was exclusively observational and non-invasive, focusing on the spontaneous expression of behaviours by free-ranging macaques. The animals observed in the study were already habituated to human presence. This research protocol was approved by the Animal Welfare Committee of The University of Lethbridge (Protocol #1430), and adhered to the ASAB/ABS Guidelines for the use of Animal in Research. Our study was conducted with research permission from the Indonesian Ministry of Research and Technology (F.B.: #328/SIP/FRP/E5/Dit.KI/IX/2015; A.H.: #410/SIP/FRP/E5/Dit.KI/X/2015, L.J.-S.: #76/SIP/FRP/E5/ Dit.KI/XII/2015), related Indonesian government and provincial agencies, and the local authorities of the Uluwatu Temple.