Johnson-Ulrich, Lily http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5604-5935
Yirga, Gidey
Strong, Robyn L.
Holekamp, Kay E. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5471-1076
Funding for this research was provided by:
Division of Integrative Organismal Systems (1755089)
Office of International Science and Engineering (1853934)
Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology
Article History
Received: 15 October 2020
Revised: 12 February 2021
Accepted: 16 February 2021
First Online: 9 March 2021
Compliance with ethical standards
:
: The authors report no conflicts of interest or competing interests relevant to the content of this article.
: This work was conducted under research permit no. NACOSTI/P/16/35513/10422, issued by the Kenyan National Commission on Science, Technology and Innovation. The data collection procedure followed here was also approved by the Michigan State University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC): AUF #04/16–050-00. All research procedures were designed to adhere to the American Society of Mammalogists (ASM) Guidelines for the use of wild mammals in research and education (SikesCitationRef removed) and to the Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour (ASAB) Ethics Committee and the Animal Behaviour Society (ABS) Animal Care Committee Guidelines for the treatment of animals in behavioral research and teaching (2017). Subjects in all locations are habituated to the presence vehicles and vehicles served as mobile blinds to hide researchers from view during deployment and collection of the MAB. Hyena participation in trials with the MAB was entirely voluntary, but encouraged with the use of bait. Researchers took care to remain at least 5 m from hyenas when collecting the MAB, and the MAB was not collected until all hyenas had moved at least 5 m away. However, hyenas regularly approached stationary vehicles at much closer distances.