Zeiträg, Claudia http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6056-7437
Osvath, Mathias http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7873-0930
Funding for this research was provided by:
Vetenskapsrådet (2019-03265)
Lund University
Article History
Received: 29 September 2022
Revised: 27 February 2023
Accepted: 29 March 2023
First Online: 7 April 2023
Declarations
:
: The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.
: All subjects participated voluntarily. Experiments took place in the animals’ home enclosure, where they were free to move to a different area. Animals were motivated to participate using food rewards without ever applying force of any kind. All subjects were hand-raised together. Both human demonstrators were involved in the hand-raising process. Thus, both the human and conspecific demonstrators were familiar to the subjects and had no antagonistic history. All animals were housed at Lund University’s Corvid Research Station that meets the legal requirements, as well as Lund Universities ethical standards. The research did not include the so-called procedures under the EU-directive 2010/63/EU, and did not qualify for ethical approval, which is also true according to the stricter Swedish legislation (SJVFS 2019:9, chapter 2, § 22).