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Authors
Jim, Hoi-Lam https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8590-7167
Belfiore, Kadisha
Martinelli, Eva B.
MartÃnez, Mayte https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8380-3073
Range, Friederike https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3127-5536
Marshall-Pescini, Sarah https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5944-4701
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna
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Article History
Received: 30 January 2025
Revised: 27 May 2025
Accepted: 29 May 2025
First Online: 28 June 2025
Declarations
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: Approval was obtained from the Ethics and Animal Welfare Committee of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna (ETK-023/02/2021).
: Written informed consent was obtained from all dog owners for their participation in the study and from the individuals in Supplementary Videos 1 and 2 for the publication of photographs and videos containing their images.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
