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Authors
Jordan, E. J.
Allritz, M.
Bohn, M.
Völter, C. J.
Seed, Amanda M.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
HORIZON EUROPE European Research Council (639072)
HORIZON EUROPE European Research Council (639072)
HORIZON EUROPE European Research Council (639072)
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Article History
Received: 4 April 2025
Revised: 29 June 2025
Accepted: 28 July 2025
First Online: 30 October 2025
Declarations
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: The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.
: All research and husbandry complied with the European Association of Zoos and Aquaria (EAZA) and the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums (WAZA) regulations. The research was approved by the School of Psychology and Neuroscience ethics committee at the University of St Andrews as well as the BRU committee at RZSS Edinburgh zoo, consisting of the Zoo Research Liaison Officer, the Scientific Director, and the Research Coordinator.
