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Authors
Lee, Victoria E. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3981-387X
McIvor, Guillam E. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3922-7651
Thornton, Alex https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1607-2047
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Natural Environment Research Council (NE/L002434/1)
Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/H021817/1)
Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/H021817/1)
Leverhulme Trust (RGP-2020-170)
Leverhulme Trust (RGP-2020-170)
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Article History
Received: 22 March 2025
Revised: 16 August 2025
Accepted: 20 October 2025
First Online: 26 November 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This work was carried out with approval of the University of Exeter research ethics committee (2015/974) and adhered to the Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour Guidelines for the Use of Animals in Research. No birds were handled as part of this study, but birds were previously handled and marked under licence from the British Trust for Ornithology (C6449, C5752 and C6079) and the UK Home Office (project licence 30/3261).
