Gidl, Hannah https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9433-730X
Binder, Sara https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3009-9438
Osiecka, Anna N. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5392-7895
Klump, Barbara C. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3919-452X
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of Vienna
Article History
Received: 30 April 2025
Revised: 6 September 2025
Accepted: 20 October 2025
First Online: 16 December 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Research was approved by the Animal Ethics and Experimentation Board at the Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Austria (application no. 2023-033) and birds were obtained under permissions issued by the Bezirkshauptmannschaft Baden, Austria (BNL2-J-082/116) and Gänserndorf, Austria (GFL-J-0712/002). Crows will continue to be housed at the Haidlhof Research Station after the completion of the study.