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Authors
Richmond, A. A. H.
Heinen, V. K.
Welklin, J. F.
Sonnenberg, B. R.
Haley, S. M.
Whitenack, L. E.
Bridge, E. S.
Pravosudov, V. V.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science Foundation (IOS1856181, IOS2119824)
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Article History
Received: 24 April 2025
Revised: 17 October 2025
Accepted: 25 October 2025
First Online: 6 January 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: No birds were harmed by the collection of these data. Total handling time of each bird did not exceed a few minutes and birds were immediately released post-banding. The study was approved by the University of Nevada Reno Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (Protocol numbers 20-11-1103; 20-06-1014; 20-08-1062) and in accordance with California Department of Fish and Wildlife Permit (S-193630001-20007-001-02). All banding occurred under U.S. Federal Bird Banding Permit 22878. The study was funded by NSF grants (IOS1856181 and IOS2119824) to VVP.
