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Authors
Hirel, Marie https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8985-1818
Marziliano, Michele
Meunier, Hélène
Rakoczy, Hannes
Fischer, Julia
Keupp, Stefanie
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
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Article History
Received: 31 July 2025
Revised: 22 December 2025
Accepted: 24 December 2025
First Online: 14 January 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study respects the European ethical standards and regulations (Directive 2010/63/UE). It has been approved by the internal ethical committee of the Centre de Primatologie – Silabe de l’Université de Strasbourg (SBEA 2022-03, registration n° B6732636). We only used positive reinforcement and all individuals participated voluntarily – they were never forced to enter, be separated from their groups, or perform the tasks in the experimental rooms. Their daily feeding regime was not affected by cognitive testing, and water was available ad libitum .
