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Authors
Sikorska, Julia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3262-0696
Trojan, Maciej https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8589-4175
Jakucińska, Anna
Broncel, Alicja https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4513-5535
Matsuzawa, Tetsuro https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8147-2725
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Nicolaus Copernicus University (PBD2023IPKPPP)
Nicolaus Copernicus University (PBD2023IPKPPP)
Nicolaus Copernicus University (PBD2023IPKPPP)
Nicolaus Copernicus University (PBD2023IPKPPP)
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Article History
Received: 19 July 2025
Revised: 22 January 2026
Accepted: 18 February 2026
First Online: 24 March 2026
Declarations
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: Tetsuro Matsuzawa serves as a Member of the Editorial Board for Animal Cognition. To ensure theintegrity of the peer review process, he had no involvement in the editorial handling or peer reviewof this manuscript. The manuscript was independently reviewed by qualified experts, and alleditorial decisions were made by an editor who is not affiliated with the authors and who has noconflict of interest regarding this submission. The co-authors declare no competing interests.
: The Municipal Zoological Garden in Warsaw, where the study took place, granted approval, and all procedures followed relevant guidelines. The study was also conducted in Poland in accordance with local laws. However, it should be noted that ethical approval is not required for low-stress and non-invasive research considered to be enrichment.
