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Authors
Lee, Hsun-Hua
Yang, Tien-Chun
Chung, Cheng-Chih
Hong, Chien-Tai
Tai, Ying-Hsuan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare (112TMU-SHH-06)
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Article History
Received: 18 April 2025
Accepted: 26 September 2025
First Online: 16 October 2025
Declarations
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: The study protocol was approved by the Joint Institutional Review Board of Taipei Medical University, Taiwan (approval no. N202412084). The review board waived the requirement for informed consent because of the retrospective nature of this study.
: All authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript. All authors agree to the present state of authorship and have signed a statement attesting to the authorship. All authors confirm that the manuscript complies with the journal guidelines. All authors also confirm that the manuscript has not been published or submitted elsewhere. This study adhered to the STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology guidelines; the completed checklist was uploaded with the manuscript.
: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
