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Article History

Received: 3 October 2025

Accepted: 2 December 2025

First Online: 17 January 2026

Declarations

:

: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Institutional Review Board of the College of Medicine, King Saud University (protocol E-23-8192; approval date: [27 November 2023].

: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

: Consent to publish is not applicable as no identifying data, images, or personal details of participants are included.

: Informed consent was obtained from all participants. On the first page of the questionnaire, the participants were required to indicate consent (by selecting “I agree”) before they could proceed to the survey. Data were collected and stored confidentially and were accessible only to the research team.

: The Fatigue Severity Scale is copyrighted to Dr. Lauren B. Krupp. The journal and professional society resources indicate that permission is required, with commercial use licensed, whereas non-profit research/clinical use is typically permitted at no charge; we used the validated Arabic version (FSS-Ar) with citation to the developers of that translation.

: The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.