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Article History

Received: 17 May 2025

Accepted: 6 November 2025

First Online: 14 January 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare to have no conflicts of interests relevant to this study.

: Ethical approval for the study was not required as publicly available data was used, and anonymity was maintained throughout the study.

: The authors declare no financial interests relevant to this study.

: The authors declare no non-financial interests relevant to this study.

: Not applicable, as this study does not report a clinical trial.

: Not applicable.

: Human consent was not required as publicly available data was used, and anonymity was maintained throughout the study.

: Generative AI tools, including Paperpal and ChatGPT-4o, were utilized solely for language refinement, grammar enhancement, and stylistic refinements. These tools had no role in conceptualization, data analysis, interpretation of results, or substantive content development. All intellectual contributions, data analysis, and scientific interpretations remain solely the work of the authors. The final manuscript was critically reviewed and edited to ensure accuracy and originality. The authors take full responsibility for the integrity of the work presented.