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Authors
Zhu, Yu
Yang, Yifang
Li, Wenyuan
Shi, Nini
Wang, Yunhang
Nan, Jinhan
Zhang, Xingxia
Han, Lin
Ma, Yuxia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8154-8198
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Nanjing Military Region Medical Scientific and Technical Innovation Foundation Projects of People’s Liberation Army of China (lzuyxcx-2022-221)
National Nature Science Foundation of China (72474092)
National Nature Science Foundation of China (72274087)
Health and Family Planning Commission of Gansu (GSWSHL2022-34)
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Article History
Received: 28 October 2025
Accepted: 16 December 2025
First Online: 23 January 2026
Declarations
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: This is a retrospective study based on CHARLS database. The patient’s information has been hidden before the study. The original CHARLS was approved by the Ethical Review Committee of Peking University (IRB00001052-11015), and all participants signed the informed consent at the time of participation. This research followed the guidance of the Declaration of Helsinki.
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: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
