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Article History

Received: 3 December 2025

Accepted: 13 March 2026

First Online: 1 April 2026

Declarations

:

: Not applicable. This study is a review of published literature and does not involve human participants or animals.

: All authors reviewed the final version, contributed to data interpretation, and approved the manuscript for submission. G. C. N. Tudella had full access to all data and assumes responsibility for the study design, data integrity, and the decision to submit for publication.

: Not applicable. No patient-level data were used in this study.

: All figures, tables, and data reproduced from other sources are properly cited. Permission was obtained where required.

: G.C.N.T. (Corresponding Author) accepts full responsibility for the work, had access to all the data, and controlled the decision to publish.

: T.N. is an Associate Editor of Stroke; advisory board for Brainomix, Aruna Bio; speaker for Genentech, Kaneka; consultant for Medtronic. L.S. reports conflicts of interest with Penumbra (payment for reading). All other authors have no conflicts of interest.